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Showing results for tags 'Research'.
Found 982 results
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Content ArticleThis study in Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology aimed to determine the systemic effects of surgical mesh implants. The study looked at patients referred to an autoimmunity clinic between January 2014 and December 2017 and concluded that mesh implants may increase the risk of developing autoimmune diseases by acting as an adjuvant (increasing the body's own immune response).
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Content ArticleThis study in Clinical Epidemiology aimed to investigate the long-term complications associated with surgical mesh devices used to treat stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The authors looked at rates of diagnoses of depression, anxiety or self-harm (composite measure) and sexual dysfunction, and rates of prescriptions for antibiotics and opioids in women with and without mesh surgery, with a diagnostic SUI/POP code, registered in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) gold database. The study found that mesh surgery was associated with poor mental and sexual health outcomes, alongside increased opioid and antibiotic use, in women with no history of these outcomes and improved mental health, and lower opioid use, in women with a previous history of these outcomes. The authors highlight the need to carefully consider the risks and benefits of mesh surgery on an individual basis.
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Content ArticleCovid-19 may be receding, but it’s leaving a quiet menace lurking in hospitals in its wake. In a Perspective essay in The New England Journal of Medicine, four senior physicians with the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warned of a “severe” post-Covid decline in patient safety. The Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology reached a similar conclusion, warning of a rise in “common, often-deadly” infections. To help reverse this troubling trend, the federal physician leaders called for “promoting radical transparency.” In this article, Michael L. Millenson and J. Matthew Austin discuss how adapting the psychological principles of 'Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs' as an organising framework, paired with the principles of information design, can significantly boost both the use and impact of safety and quality information.
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Content ArticleThe National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) is funding a portfolio of research to improve our understanding of, and find treatments for, Long Covid. The NIHR’s 19 studies are trying to answer some of the most urgent questions.
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Content ArticleThis strategy sets out the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care’s vision for how data will be used to improve the health and care of the population in a safe, trusted and transparent way. It: provides an overarching narrative and action plan to address the current cultural, behavioural and structural barriers in the system, with the ultimate goal of having a health and care system that is underpinned by high-quality and readily available data marks the next steps of the discussion about how we can best utilise data for the benefit of patients, service users, and the health and care system This strategy applies to England only. The strategy shows how data will be used to bring benefits to all parts of health and social care – from patients and care users to staff on the frontline and pioneers driving the most cutting-edge research. It is backed by a series of concrete commitments, including: investing in secure data environments to power life-saving research and treatments using technology to allow staff to spend more quality time with patients giving people better access to their own data through shared care records and the NHS App.
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Content ArticleThe delivery of safe and effective healthcare to paediatric and neonatal patients presents unique challenges to the medication-use system. The diversity of patients within this population and the consequences of ontogeny on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics directly impact the safe use of medications in children and increase the risk of adverse drug events. This review from Elkeshawi et al. will explore the medication-use system for hospitalised children and neonates, discuss vulnerabilities within this system, and provide examples of advancements made to improve the paediatric medication-use system.
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Content ArticleEvery year, thousands of emergency department (ED) visits result in patients being discharged with oral antibiotic prescriptions. Published studies that assess the appropriateness of these antibiotic regimens are limited. The purpose of this study from Bauman et al. was to examine the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions written for patients discharged from a community hospital’s ED. A total of 76% of the prescribed antibiotics were appropriate, 16% were inappropriate, and the remaining 8% were not assessable. Duration was the most common reason for a regimen to not be optimal. The most frequently inappropriately prescribed antibiotics included cephalexin (but it is noted cephalexin was included in almost half of the antibiotic regimens in this study), clindamycin, and azithromycin. Infections that were most frequently treated inappropriately were skin and soft tissue infections, dental infections, and sinusitis.
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Content Article
This is part of our series of Patient Safety Spotlight interviews, where we talk to people working for patient safety about their role and what motivates them. Mark talks to us about how he came to work in healthcare, the vital role of safety scientists and human factors specialists in improving patient safety, and the challenges involved in integrating new technologies into the health system. -
Content ArticleUpdatable estimates of COVID-19 onset, progression, and trajectories underpin pandemic mitigation efforts. To identify and characterise disease trajectories, Thygesen et al. aimed to define and validate ten COVID-19 phenotypes from nationwide linked electronic health records (EHR) using an extensible framework. Their analyses illustrate the wide spectrum of disease trajectories as shown by differences in incidence, survival, and clinical pathways. The authors have provided a modular analytical framework that can be used to monitor the impact of the pandemic and generate evidence of clinical and policy relevance using multiple EHR sources.
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Content ArticleThis study from Pickles et al. explores experiences of women who identified themselves as having a possible breast cancer overdiagnosis.
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Content ArticleUK Asian and Black ethnic groups have poorer outcomes for some cancers and are less likely to report a positive care experience than their White counterparts it was found in a study from Martins et al. reported in the British Journal of Cancer. The study investigated ethnic differences in the route to diagnosis (RTD) to identify areas in patients' cancer journeys where inequalities lie and targeted intervention might have optimum impact. Across the 10 cancers studied, most patients were diagnosed via the two-week wait (36.4%), elective GP referral (23.2%), emergency (18.2%), hospital routes (10.3%), and screening (8.61%). Patients of Other ethnic group had the highest proportion of diagnosis via the emergency route, followed by White patients. Asian and Black group were more likely to be GP-referred, with the Black and Mixed groups also more likely to follow the two-week wait route. However, there were notable cancer-specific differences in the RTD by ethnicity. These findings suggest that, where inequalities exist, the adverse cancer outcomes among Asian and Black patients are unlikely to be arising solely from a poorer diagnostic process.
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Content ArticleThe Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, part of the UK Government Department of Health and Social Care, highlighted an emerging signal of increased non-COVID-19-related deaths in England between July and October, 2021, with a potentially disproportionate higher increase in people with diabetes. Valabhji et al. aimed to substantiate and quantify this apparent excess mortality, and to investigate the association between diabetes routine care delivery and non-COVID-19-related-mortality in people with diabetes before and after the onset of the pandemic. They examined whether completion of eight diabetes care processes in each of the two years before the index mortality year was associated with non-COVID-19-related death. Results of the study show an increased risk of mortality in those who did not receive all eight care processes in one or both of the previous two years. These results provide evidence that the increased rate of non-COVID-19-related mortality in people with diabetes in England observed between 3 July and 15 October 2021 is associated with a reduction in completion of routine diabetes care processes following the pandemic onset in 2020.
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Content ArticleThis study from McQueen et al. explored what ‘good’ patient and family involvement in healthcare adverse event reviews may involve. Nineteen interviews were conducted with patients who had experienced an adverse event during the provision of their healthcare or their family member.
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Content ArticleMedical error is a serious issue in hospitals in Jordan. This study from Suliman et al. explored Jordanian nurses' perceptions of the culture of safety in their hospitals. The Hospital Survey of Patient Safety Culture translated into Arabic was administered to a convenience sample of 391 nurses from 7 hospitals in Jordan. The positive responses to the 12 dimensions of safety culture ranged from 20.0% to 74.6%. These are lower than the benchmarks of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Jordanian nurses perceive their hospitals as places that need more effort to improve the safety culture.
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Content ArticleThe purpose of this study was to identify challenges in applying certain standards, techniques for the Baku Health Center in Azerbaijan.
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Content ArticleAn increasing number of studies show that when patterns of care are widely divergent, clinical outcomes suffer and, as a result, safety and reliability may be compromised. This article from Rozich et al. discusses how standardisation may help to increase uniformity of practice, increase safety, and possibly reduce costs. Also described is an effort made by Luther Midlefort, Mayo Health System, to reduce variation by creating a system-wide protocol for insulin use. After six weeks, Luther Midelfort achieved a great reduction in the number of hypoglycaemic events as a result of standardised practices.
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Content ArticleThis study from Shepard et al. aimed to explore staff perceptions of patient safety in the NHS ambulance services. The authors interviewed 44 participants from three organisational levels, including executives, managers and operational staff. They identified five dominant themes: varied interpretation of patient safety; significant patient safety risks; reporting culture shift; communication; and organisational culture. The findings demonstrated that staff perceptions of patient safety ranged widely across the three organisational levels, while they remained consistent within those levels across the participating ambulance service NHS trusts in England. The findings suggest that participants from all organisational levels perceive that the NHS ambulance services have become much safer for patients over recent years, which signifies an awareness of the historical issues and how they have been addressed. The inclusion of three distinct ambulance service NHS trusts and organisational levels provides deepened insight into the perceptions of patient safety by staff. As the responses of participants were consistent across the three NHS trusts, the identified issues may be generic and have application in other ambulance and emergency service settings, with implications for health policy on a national basis.
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Content Article‘Digital clinical safety’ refers to avoiding harm to patients and staff that could be caused by technologies manufactured, implemented and used in the health service. In this blog, Dr Kelsey Flott, Deputy Director of Patient Safety at the NHS Transformation Directorate, looks at the importance of digital clinical safety in driving quality improvement. She talks about how the Digital Clinical Strategy is being implemented and the drive to collect better evidence about the effectiveness of improvement technologies.
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Content ArticleWith the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, growing evidence shows that a considerable proportion of people who have recovered from COVID-19 have long-term effects on multiple organs and systems. A few longitudinal studies have reported on the persistent health effects of COVID-19, but the follow-up was limited to 1 year after acute infection. The aim of this study from Huang et al., published in Lancet Respiratory Medicine, was to characterise the longitudinal evolution of health outcomes in hospital survivors with different initial disease severity throughout 2 years after acute COVID-19 infection and to determine their recovery status. The study found thategardless of initial disease severity, COVID-19 survivors had longitudinal improvements in physical and mental health, with most returning to their original work within 2 years; however, the burden of symptomatic sequelae remained fairly high. COVID-19 survivors had a remarkably lower health status than the general population at 2 years. The study findings indicate that there is an urgent need to explore the pathogenesis of long COVID and develop effective interventions to reduce the risk of long COVID.
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Covid-19: Long term brain injury (14 March 2022)
Patient Safety Learning posted an article in Blogs
SARS-CoV-2 infection can damage many organs other than the lungs. The most troubling is damage to the brain. A series of recent studies document long term brain-damage in as many as one quarter of all those infected regardless of the severity of the initial disease. Those numbers are daunting considering that an estimated 140 million Americans have been infected by SARS-CoV-2. Symptoms, such as brain fog, fatigue, depression and a host of other maladies, may be mild or incapacitating. Several studies warn that treatment of those with long term brain injury will strain the healthcare care system for years to come. Understanding the origin and treatment of Covid-19 related brain injury is a high priority for medical science. -
Content Article
Being an anti-racist clinician (4 February 2022)
Patient Safety Learning posted an article in Health inequalities
Racism is a pervasive problem in Western society, leading to mental and physical unwellness in people from racialised groups. Psychology began as a racist discipline and still is. As such, most clinical training and curricula do not operate from an anti-racist framework. Although most therapists have seen clients with stress and trauma due to racialisation, very few were taught how to assess or treat it. Furthermore, clinicians and researchers can cause harm when they rely on White-dominant cultural norms that do not serve people of colour well. This paper from Racism is a pervasive problem in Western society, leading to mental and physical unwellness in people from racialized groups. Psychology began as a racist discipline and still is. As such, most clinical training and curricula do not operate from an anti-racist framework. Although most therapists have seen clients with stress and trauma due to racialisation, very few were taught how to assess or treat it. Furthermore, clinicians and researchers can cause harm when they rely on White-dominant cultural norms that do not serve people of colour well. This paper from Williams et al. discusses how clinicians can recognize and embrace an anti-racism approach in practice, research, and life in general. Included is a discussion of recent research on racial microaggressions, the difference between being a racial justice ally and racial justice saviour, and new research on what racial allyship entails. Ultimately, the anti-racist clinician will achieve a level of competency that promotes safety and prevents harm coming to those they desire to help, and they will be an active force in bringing change to those systems that propagate emotional harm in the form of racism. -
Content ArticleThis study in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health aimed to investigate physical activity patterns in people with Long Covid, and the relationship between physical activity and Long Covid symptoms. It also aimed to find out the type of physical activity that people with Long Covid were being recommended, and what they were actually doing. The authors found that 75% of participants reported Long Covid symptoms worsening after physical activity. They also found that many participants received contradictory advice on whether or not to exercise with Long Covid.
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Content Article
Patient Safety Authority Annual Report 2021
Sam posted an article in International patient safety
The Patient Safety Authority (PSA) share its 2021 annual report, highlighting the agency’s expansion of education and reporting efforts to improve patient safety throughout the commonwealth. PSA is an independent state agency that collects reports of patient safety events from Pennsylvania healthcare facilities. Pennsylvania is the only state that requires acute care facilities to report all incidents of harm (serious events) or potential for harm (incidents). -
Content ArticleThis study in the journal Health Policy uses an innovative methodology to provide further understanding of the implementation process in the English NHS, using the examples of two distinctly different National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) clinical guidelines. The authors conclude that NICE and other national health policy-makers need to recognise that the introduction of planned change ‘initiatives’ in clinical practice are subject to social and political influences at the micro level as well as the macro level.
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Content ArticleComplexity is often talked about in health services research, but it has not been sufficiently studied. In this article in the journal BMC Medicine, the authors argue that in open systems characterised by dynamically changing inter-relationships and tensions, conventional research designs must be augmented by the study of how we can best deal with uncertainty, unpredictability and emergent causality. They propose an agenda for future research and invite researchers to contribute to the conversation.
