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Showing results for tags 'Research'.
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Content Article"When good science is suppressed by the medical-political complex, people die." Kamran Abbasi believes politicians and governments are suppressing science. They do so in the public interest, they say, to accelerate availability of diagnostics and treatments. They do so to support innovation, to bring products to market at unprecedented speed. Both of these reasons are partly plausible, as Abbasi explores in this BMJ Editorial.
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Content ArticlePatients from ethnic minority groups are disproportionately affected by Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Sze et al. performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the relationship between ethnicity and clinical outcomes in COVID-19. They found that individuals of Black and Asian ethnicity are at increased risk of COVID-19 infection compared to White individuals; Asians may be at higher risk of ITU admission and death. These findings are of critical public health importance in informing interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality amongst ethnic minority groups.
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Content ArticleIn this study, Avery et al. estimated the incidence of avoidable significant harm in primary care in England, and describe and classify the associated patient safety incidents and generate suggestions to mitigate risks of ameliorable factors contributing to the incidents. The study found there is likely to be a substantial burden of avoidable significant harm attributable to primary care in England with diagnostic error accounting for most harms. Based on the contributory factors we found, improvements could be made through more effective implementation of existing information technology, enhanced team coordination and communication, and greater personal and informational continuity of care.
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Content ArticleThere are large numbers of patients with olfactory disturbance in the UK and shortfalls in assessment and support amongst mainstream practice in both primary and secondary care leading to significant quality‐of‐life impairment and potential missed diagnoses. The aim of this study from Erskine and Philpott was to determine the key themes which can be identified from the accounts of anosmia sufferers and to identify important areas to target for future research or service development.
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Content ArticleJoin a new study to help us understand why black men are at higher risk of prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer UK are funding the PROFILE study to help find out why black men are at higher risk of prostate cancer than other ethnic groups. The researchers are looking at the genes of healthy men at higher risk of prostate cancer, including men of African or Caribbean descent. Over five years, they’ll monitor the men for signs of developing prostate cancer, using blood tests and scans and biopsies. At the end of the study, the researchers hope to understand why certain men are more likely to get prostate cancer, and whether one day they could create tests to help spot these men earlier, based on their genes. By working towards catching prostate cancer sooner in high risk men, we can increase the chances of curing their prostate cancer. And by understanding more about why and how they develop prostate cancer, we could work towards treatments that stop this from happening. If you are a man of African or Caribbean descent aged 40-69 and haven’t had prostate cancer, you may be suitable to take part in a study that can help us understand more about the genetics of prostate cancer. Follow the link below for further information.
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Content ArticleThe call for meaningful patient and family engagement in healthcare and research is gaining impetus. Healthcare institutions and research funding agencies increasingly encourage clinicians and researchers to work actively with patients and their families to advance clinical care and research. Engagement is increasingly mandated by healthcare organizations and is becoming a prerequisite for research funding. In this article, Burns et al. review the rationale and the current state of patient and family engagement in patient care and research in the ICU. The authors identify opportunities to strengthen engagement in patient care by promoting greater patient and family involvement in care delivery and supporting their participation in shared decision-making. They also identify challenges related to patient willingness to engage, barriers to participation, participant risks, and participant expectations. To advance engagement, clinicians and researchers can develop the science behind engagement in the ICU context and demonstrate its impact on patient- and process-related outcomes. In addition, the authors provide practical guidance on how to engage, highlight features of successful engagement strategies, and identify areas for future research. At present, enormous opportunities remain to enhance engagement across the continuum of ICU care and research.
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Content ArticleMaintaining safe elective surgical activity during the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is challenging and it is not clear how COVID‐19 may impact peri‐operative morbidity and mortality in this population. Therefore, adaptations to normal care pathways are required. Here, Kane et al. establish if implementation of a bespoke peri‐operative care bundle for urgent elective surgery during a pandemic surge period can deliver a low COVID‐19‐associated complication profile. Kane et al. present a single‐centre retrospective cohort study from a tertiary care hospital of patients planned for urgent elective surgery during the initial COVID‐19 surge in the UK between 29 March and 12 June 2020.
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Content ArticleIn this Anaesthesia editorial, Simoes and Bhangu, on behalf of the CovidSurg Collaborative, outline why and how elective surgery must restart. "COVID‐19‐free pathways will be crucial for patient safety during the COVID‐19 pandemic, as they seem to lead to low rates of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection rates and complications. Further preventive measures and patient level risk assessment will allow surgery to safely restart and continue during this, and future, crises." This editorial accompanies an article by Kane et al. Anaesthesia 2020; 75: 1596–1604.
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Content ArticlePatient safety has been considered the heart of healthcare quality. This study from Najjar et al. in Safety in Health aimed to explore relationships between patient safety culture and adverse event rates at unit levels in Palestinian hospitals, and provide insight on initiatives to improve patient safety. The study confirms the idea that a more positive patient safety culture is associated with lower adverse events in hospitals at the departmental levels in Palestine. Further analysis should include a more representative sample to examine the causal relationship between patient safety culture and adverse events incidents.
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Content ArticleThe aim of this study from Choi et al. was to investigate the scope and severity of the second victim problem among nurses in South Korea by examining the experiences and effects of patient safety incidents (PSIs) on them. The study found a considerable number of nurses experienced psychological difficulties due to PSIs at levels that could interfere with their work. The effect of PSIs on nurses with direct experience of PSIs was greater compared with those with indirect experience. There need to be psychological support programmes for nurses to alleviate the negative effects of PSIs.
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Content ArticleAccessing social care and social support services is key to support the well-being of people living with dementia (PLWD) and unpaid carers. COVID-19 has caused sudden closures or radical modifications of these services, and is resulting in prolonged self-isolation. The aim of this study from Giebel et al., published in Aging and Mental Health, was to explore the effects of COVID-19 related social care and support service changes and closures on the lives of PLWD and unpaid carers. Fifty semi-structured interviews were conducted with unpaid carers. The study found that PLWD and carers need to receive specific practical and psychological support during the pandemic to support their well-being, which is severely affected by public health restrictions.
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Content ArticleThe objective of this review from Alani et al. is to draw attention to the risk factors, causes and prevention of surgical fires in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery performed under local anaesthesia and sedation using a review of the literature.
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Content ArticleDr John Campbell, a retired A&E nurse, discusses the research and evidence on the long-term health consequences of COVID-19 in this video.
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Content ArticleImplementation science has a core aim – to get evidence into practice. Early in the evidence-based medicine movement, this task was construed in linear terms, wherein the knowledge pipeline moved from evidence created in the laboratory through to clinical trials and, finally, via new tests, drugs, equipment, or procedures, into clinical practice. We now know that this straight-line thinking was naïve at best, and little more than an idealisation, with multiple fractures appearing in the pipeline.
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Content ArticleClift et al. have developed a new risk prediction tool that estimates a person’s chance of hospitalisation and death from COVID-19. The algorithm, which was constructed using data from more than eight million people across England, uses key factors such as age, ethnicity and body mass index to help identify individuals in the UK at risk of developing severe illness.
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Content ArticleSince the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the number of cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the United States has exponentially increased. Identifying and monitoring individuals with COVID-19 and individuals who have been exposed to the disease is critical to prevent transmission. Traditional contact tracing mechanisms are not structured on the scale needed to address this pandemic. As businesses reopen, institutions and agencies not traditionally engaged in disease prevention are being tasked with ensuring public safety. Systems to support organisations facing these new challenges are critically needed. Most currently available symptom trackers use a direct-to-consumer approach and use personal identifiers, which raises privacy concerns. Kassaye et al. developed a monitoring and reporting system for COVID-19 to support institutions conducting monitoring activities without compromising privacy.
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Content ArticleLarouzee and Le Coze describe the development of the “Swiss cheese model” and the main criticisms of this model and the motivation for these criticisms. The article concludes that the Swiss cheese model remains a relevant model because of its systemic foundations and its sustained use in high-risk industries and encourages safety science researchers and practitioners to continue imagining alternatives combining empirical, practical and graphical approaches.
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Content ArticlePatient Safety Movement's Dr Donna Prosser is joined by Dr Steven Deeks, Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Dr Jake Suett, Staff Grade Anaesthetist and Intensive Care Doctor, UUK, to discuss the long term implications of COVID-19 from clinical and personal perspectives. Dr Deeks shares the research around long COVID-19 symptoms and Dr Suett provides a personal anecdote of his experience with symptoms that have lasted months. Dr. Suett shares information about the COVID symptom study, which consists of an international mobile app to track COVID-19 symptoms over time.
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Content ArticleApproximately 10% of patients with COVID-19 experience symptoms beyond 3–4 weeks. Patients call this 'long covid'. Greenhalgh et al. sought to document the lived experience of such patients, their accounts of accessing and receiving healthcare, and their ideas for improving services. They held 55 individual interviews and 8 focus groups with people recruited from UK-based long Covid patient support groups, social media and snowballing. Participants were invited to tell their personal stories and comment on other stories.
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Content ArticleEffective teamwork is critical to successful outcomes in pediatric cardiac surgery. Unfortunately, lapses in professional performance and conduct by those who treat paediatric cardiac patients pose threats to quality and safety. One hallmark of a profession is self regulation. Therefore, healthcare leaders need specific means for identifying and addressing those lapses and indicators of unsafe systems or individuals. This article from Pichert et al. describes an initial “near miss” event involving a paediatric cardiac surgeon. While fictional, the case represents a composite of events involving several paediatric cardiac surgeons who practice at different medical centers throughout the US.
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Content ArticleA lower recruitment and high turnover rate of registered nurses have resulted in a global shortage of nurses. In the UK, prior to the COVID-19 epidemic, nurses’ intention to leave rates were between 30 and 50% suggesting a high level of job dissatisfaction. In this study, published in BMC Nursing, Senek et al. analysed data from a cross-sectional mixed-methods survey developed by the Royal College of Nursing and administered to the nursing workforce across all four UK nations, to explore the levels of dissatisfaction and demoralisation – one of the predictors of nurses’ intention to leave.
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Content ArticleEuropean drug regulations aim for a patient-centered approach, including involving patients in the pharmacovigilance (PV) systems. However many patient organisations have little experience on how they can participate in PV activities. The aim of this study published in Drug Safety, was to understand patient organisations’ perceptions of PV, the barriers they face when implementing PV activities, and their interaction with other stakeholders and suggest methods for the stimulation of patient organisations as promoters of PV.
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Content ArticlePatient Led Research for COVID-19 invite you to participate in this research study if you have previously experienced or you are currently experiencing symptoms consistent with COVID-19 as a result of suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this research study, sponsored by University College London (UCL), is to better describe and understand the patient experience and recovery of those with confirmed or suspected COVID-19, with a specific emphasis on the Long COVID experience. The focus of this study includes participants’ backgrounds, testing, symptoms, and psychological wellbeing. A secondary aim of this study is to publish patient-driven data in order to advocate for the Long COVID population within the medical community. Patient Led Research for COVID-19 are a self-organised group of COVID-19 long-haul patients working on patient-led research around the COVID experience and prolonged recoveries. They are all researchers in relevant fields – participatory design, neuroscience, public policy, data collection and analysis, human-centered design, health activism – in addition to having intimate knowledge of COVID-19.
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Content Article
Greater risk of severe COVID-19 in Black, Asian and minority ethnic populations is not explained by cardiometabolic, socioeconomic or behavioural factors, or by 25(OH)-vitamin D status: study of 1326 cases from the UK Biobank (29 June 2020)
Patient Safety Learning posted an article in Health inequalities
Research has found that variations in cardiometabolic factors, vitamin D levels and socioeconomic or behavioural factors do not adequately explain why COVID-19 disproportionately affects black, Asian and minority ethnic populations. In this study published in the Journal of Public Health, Raisi-Estabragh et al. examined whether the greater severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) amongst men and Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) individuals is explained by cardiometabolic, socio-economic or behavioural factors. They found ethnicity differential pattern of COVID-19 was not adequately explained by variations in cardiometabolic factors, vitamin D levels, or socioeconomic or behavioural factors. This, the researchers said, suggests that alternative biological pathways or genetic susceptibilities may have importance in driving the higher rates of severe COVID-19 in BAME populations and should be investigated. -
Content ArticleMyalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)/chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterised by persistent and disabling fatigue, exercise intolerance, cognitive difficulty, and musculoskeletal/joint pain. Post-exertional malaise is a worsening of these symptoms after a physical or mental exertion and is considered a central feature of the illness. Scant observations in the available literature provide qualitative assessments of post-exertional malaise in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. To enhance our understanding, Stussman et al. formed focus groups and listened to patients’ experiences to better understand post-extertional malaise. The authors found that the experience of post-exertional malaise in ME/CFS varies greatly between individuals and leads to a diminished quality of life. ME/CFS patients describe post-exertional malaise as all-encompassing with symptoms affecting every part of the body, difficult to predict or manage, and requiring complete bedrest to fully or partially recover. Given the extensive variability in patients, further research identifying subtypes of post-exertional malaise could lead to better targeted therapeutic options.
